Gas or Electric Water Heater

When it comes to ensuring a steady supply of hot water in your home or business, choosing the right water heater is essential. The debate often comes down to a fundamental question: should you go with a gas or electric water heater? Each type offers distinct advantages and challenges, and the best option can vary depending on your energy needs, budget, and property layout.

A gas or electric water heater is responsible for heating water for everyday use, whether for bathing, cooking, cleaning, or industrial processes. These systems differ primarily in their energy source—natural gas or electricity—but that difference affects everything from installation and operating costs to efficiency and environmental impact.

This article explores the ins and outs of the gas or electric water heater decision. We’ll cover how each system works, their energy efficiency, environmental considerations, safety factors, installation requirements, and long-term costs. Whether you’re building a new home, upgrading an outdated unit, or simply trying to cut down on energy bills, understanding the pros and cons of each type will help you make the smartest choice.

Let’s dive into the comparison and find out which solution—gas or electric water heater—suits your needs best.

I. What Is a Water Heater?

A water heater is a device that heats and supplies hot water for residential, commercial, or industrial use. It provides hot water for essential everyday tasks such as showering, washing dishes, doing laundry, and cleaning. Water heaters come in various types, sizes, and technologies, but their main function remains the same: to raise the temperature of cold water and deliver it when needed.

II. How Water Heaters Work

Understanding how water heaters function is the first step to making a smart decision when choosing between a gas or electric water heater. While both types serve the same purpose—to heat water for domestic or commercial use—they operate differently depending on their energy source.

A. Basic Heating Mechanism

At their core, both gas and electric water heaters consist of a storage tank (in traditional models) or a heat exchanger (in tankless models), a thermostat to control temperature, and a system to transfer heat to the water.

• In a tank water heater, cold water enters the tank and is heated to a set temperature before being stored for future use.

• In a tankless (on-demand) water heater, water is heated directly as it flows through the unit, without the need for storage.

B. How a Gas Water Heater Works

A gas water heater uses a burner located at the bottom of the tank. When the thermostat detects that the water temperature has dropped, it ignites the burner using natural gas or propane. The flame heats the water in the tank, and the combustion gases exit through a flue at the top.

• Key components: gas burner, pilot light or electronic ignition, thermocouple, venting system.

• Efficiency factors: Combustion efficiency, insulation quality, and ventilation.

C. How an Electric Water Heater Works

An electric water heater uses one or two electrical resistance heating elements inserted into the tank. These elements heat up when electricity flows through them, warming the surrounding water. A thermostat regulates when the heating elements turn on or off to maintain the desired temperature.

• Key components: upper and lower heating elements, thermostats, circuit breaker.

• Efficiency factors: Direct conversion of electricity to heat, insulation to reduce standby heat loss.

D. Tank vs. Tankless Water Heaters

Both gas or electric water heater systems are available in tank and tankless designs:

• Tank Water Heaters: Provide a reservoir of hot water but can run out during high-demand periods.

• Tankless Water Heaters: Heat water as needed, offering endless hot water but at a higher upfront cost.

E. Performance and Heating Time

Generally, gas water heaters heat water faster than electric models due to the intense heat of combustion. However, electric water heaters tend to be more efficient at converting energy into heat, even though the process may take longer.

III. Types of Gas or Electric Water Heaters

When considering a gas or electric water heater, it’s important to understand the available types on the market. Each comes with unique designs, benefits, and ideal use cases. Choosing the right type can significantly impact your comfort, energy usage, and utility bills.

A. Tank Water Heaters

Tank water heaters, also called storage water heaters, are the most common type in both residential and commercial applications.

• Gas Tank Water Heater:
  Utilizes a gas burner located below the tank to heat the water. These units usually heat water faster than electric models and are cost-effective where natural gas is inexpensive.

• Electric Tank Water Heater:
  Uses one or two electric heating elements inside the tank. These models are easier to install and are ideal in areas where electricity rates are competitive or where gas lines are unavailable.

Pros:

• Constant supply of hot water

• Lower upfront cost

• Simpler technology for easy maintenance

Cons:

• Limited hot water capacity

• Higher standby heat losses

Whether you choose a gas or electric water heater with a tank depends on your home’s layout, fuel availability, and hot water needs.

B. Tankless Water Heaters

Tankless models, also known as on-demand water heaters, heat water only when you need it—eliminating the need for a storage tank.

• Gas Tankless Water Heater:
  Heats water using a gas burner. These units provide a strong flow rate and are suitable for large households or businesses.

• Electric Tankless Water Heater:
  Uses high-powered electric heating elements. They are compact and easy to install, especially where venting gas exhaust is difficult.

Pros:

• Endless hot water supply

• Lower energy usage over time

• Compact and space-saving design

Cons:

• Higher upfront costs

• May require electrical panel upgrades or new gas lines

Choosing a gas or electric water heater in the tankless category often depends on energy prices and the amount of hot water your household or facility consumes.

C. Hybrid Water Heaters (Heat Pump Systems)

A hybrid water heater typically refers to an electric model that uses heat pump technology to draw heat from the air and transfer it to the water. Some gas models use condensing technology to reclaim heat from exhaust gases.

• Electric Hybrid Heat Pump Water Heater:
  Highly efficient, using up to 60% less energy than traditional electric models. Ideal for warm climates or basements with ample airflow.

• Gas Condensing Water Heater:
  Utilizes secondary heat exchangers to capture and use heat from exhaust gases, improving efficiency.

Pros:

• Excellent energy savings

• Eco-friendly operation

• May qualify for energy rebates or tax incentives

Cons:

• Expensive upfront

• Requires more installation space

• Slower recovery rate than standard models

For those looking to combine performance and sustainability, a hybrid gas or electric water heater may be the best long-term investment.

IV. Efficiency Comparison

One of the most critical factors in deciding between a gas or electric water heater is energy efficiency. How efficiently a unit converts energy into hot water directly affects your utility bills and environmental footprint.

A. Energy Factor (EF) and Uniform Energy Factor (UEF) Ratings

To objectively compare efficiency, both gas and electric water heaters are rated using Energy Factor (EF) or its updated standard, Uniform Energy Factor (UEF). These metrics reflect how much hot water a heater produces per unit of fuel consumed over a typical day.

• Electric water heaters typically have higher EF or UEF ratings, often between 0.90 and 0.99. That means nearly all the electrical energy goes directly into heating water.

• Gas water heaters generally range between 0.55 and 0.70 for standard models, though high-efficiency condensing models can reach up to 0.95.

In terms of raw energy conversion, an electric water heater is usually more efficient than a gas model.

B. Standby Heat Loss

Standby heat loss refers to energy wasted as the water sits in the tank and gradually cools, prompting the system to reheat it periodically.

• Gas water heaters tend to have higher standby heat losses due to their flue pipes, which allow heat to escape.

• Electric water heaters, especially well-insulated models, retain heat better and suffer less standby loss.

Tankless models significantly reduce or eliminate standby heat loss altogether—whether gas or electric.

C. Recovery Rate

The recovery rate is how quickly a water heater can reheat a full tank after heavy use.

• Gas water heaters usually have a faster recovery rate due to the powerful flame from the burner.

• Electric models take longer to reheat but can keep up in smaller households or lower-demand scenarios.

This means a gas water heater may be better suited for large families or commercial applications with heavy hot water use.

D. Energy Source Cost and Local Availability

Energy efficiency isn’t just about how well the unit operates—it also includes the cost of the fuel source.

• In many areas, natural gas is significantly cheaper than electricity, which can make gas water heaters more economical over time, even if they are less efficient.

• In regions where electricity is inexpensive or where renewable power sources are available (like solar panels), an electric water heater can be the better choice.

E. Long-Term Efficiency Trends

As technology improves, the efficiency of both systems has increased, but electric water heaters have benefitted more from advancements such as smart controls, heat pump integration, and solar compatibility.

If maximum energy savings and sustainability are your top priorities, an electric water heater—especially a hybrid or heat pump type—often leads the race.

V. Cost Analysis

Cost is a major consideration when choosing between a gas or electric water heater. It’s important to weigh not just the initial purchase price, but also installation, maintenance, and operating costs over the life of the unit.

A. Initial Purchase Cost

The base price of a gas or electric water heater can vary based on capacity, brand, and technology.

• Electric water heaters tend to have lower upfront costs. Basic models are typically more affordable than gas counterparts.

• Gas water heaters usually cost more due to their combustion components and safety systems like pilot lights or electric igniters.

For budget-conscious buyers, an electric model might appear more attractive at the point of sale.

B. Installation Cost

Installation is where the cost difference between gas and electric units becomes more pronounced.

• Gas water heater installation often requires:

  • Proper ventilation and flue piping

  • Gas line hookup or modifications

  • Local code compliance and inspection

• Electric water heater installation is usually simpler:

  • Requires a dedicated electrical circuit

  • No venting system needed

  • Easier indoor placement options

Estimated installation costs (may vary by region):

• Electric: $300–$700

• Gas: $500–$1,200 (can increase if venting or gas lines are complex)

C. Maintenance and Repairs

Maintenance costs can differ between a gas or electric water heater based on the complexity of their systems.

• Gas units require:

  • Regular inspection of the burner and vent system

  • Possible replacement of thermocouples, pilot lights, or gas control valves

  • Flushing to remove sediment buildup

• Electric units are easier to maintain:

  • Replaceable heating elements

  • Fewer moving parts and no venting system

Repairs for gas models tend to be more expensive due to their complexity and safety components.

D. Operational Costs

This is where gas water heaters often shine. Despite being less energy-efficient than electric models, they typically have lower operational costs due to the lower price of natural gas (in many areas).

• Gas water heater average operating cost: $200–$400 per year

• Electric water heater average operating cost: $300–$600 per year

However, these figures vary based on:

• Local utility rates

• Frequency of hot water use

• Tank size and insulation quality

A well-insulated electric water heater in a solar-powered home can outperform a gas model in long-term savings.

E. Lifespan and Total Cost of Ownership

Both gas and electric water heaters typically last 8–15 years. However:

• Electric models may last longer due to simpler operation and fewer corrosive elements.

• Gas models can have shorter lifespans if not properly maintained or if used in hard water conditions.

Total cost of ownership (including purchase, install, maintenance, and energy):

• Electric: $3,000–$5,000 over 10–12 years

• Gas: $3,500–$6,500 over 10–12 years

VI. Environmental Impact

As concerns about climate change and sustainability grow, many homeowners are evaluating their appliances for eco-friendliness. Choosing a gas or electric water heater involves considering how each option affects the environment over its lifetime.

A. Carbon Emissions

A key environmental difference between a gas or electric water heater lies in carbon output:

• Gas water heaters burn fossil fuels directly, emitting carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants.

• Electric water heaters do not emit carbon emissions at the point of use. However, their environmental footprint depends on the source of electricity—coal, gas, or renewables.

In regions where the electrical grid is powered by clean energy (e.g., wind, hydro, solar), electric water heaters have a clear environmental advantage.

B. Energy Source Sustainability

• Natural gas, while abundant and cheaper, is a non-renewable fossil fuel. It contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and methane leaks during extraction and distribution.

• Electricity can be generated from renewable sources. Pairing an electric water heater with solar panels or green utility plans can significantly reduce your carbon footprint.

For those prioritizing green living, an electric model—especially one compatible with solar systems—is often the most eco-friendly choice.

C. Efficiency in Real-World Use

As mentioned earlier, electric water heaters convert nearly 100% of their input energy into heat, while gas models lose heat through venting. This higher efficiency means less energy is wasted, especially in modern electric or hybrid units.

High-efficiency condensing gas water heaters are more environmentally friendly than standard models, as they recycle waste heat and reduce emissions. Still, they can’t match the long-term sustainability of fully renewable-powered electric water heaters.

D. Environmental Regulations and Incentives

Governments around the world are encouraging the adoption of more energy-efficient appliances through:

• Energy Star certifications

• Federal and local tax incentives

• Rebates for electric or hybrid models

• Building codes favoring low-emission systems

Upgrading to a high-efficiency gas or electric water heater may qualify for rebates or credits that reduce the financial burden while helping the planet.

E. Disposal and Recycling Considerations

When a gas or electric water heater reaches the end of its lifespan, proper disposal matters:

• Both contain metal parts that are recyclable.

• Electric units have fewer hazardous materials.

• Gas units may require more caution due to gas lines, combustion parts, and venting systems.

In summary, while both systems have an environmental impact, electric water heaters—especially when powered by renewables—tend to be the greener option. Still, energy-efficient gas models can also be part of a cleaner future if supported by carbon-reduction strategies.

VII. Safety Considerations

Safety is a vital concern when deciding on a gas or electric water heater. Each system has different risks, safety features, and maintenance requirements that homeowners should understand before making a choice.

A. Gas Water Heater Safety Risks

Gas water heaters rely on combustion to generate heat, which introduces several potential hazards:

• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Inadequate ventilation or faulty flue pipes can cause carbon monoxide buildup—a deadly, odorless gas.

• Gas Leaks: A damaged gas line or loose fittings can lead to dangerous leaks, increasing the risk of explosion or fire.

• Combustion Risk: Flammable materials placed near the burner or pilot light can catch fire.

• Backdrafting: Improper venting can cause exhaust gases to re-enter the home.

Regular maintenance, professional installation, and installing carbon monoxide detectors are critical for safe operation of a gas water heater.

B. Electric Water Heater Safety Risks

Electric water heaters eliminate combustion hazards but still present electrical risks:

• Electrical Shock: Faulty wiring, damaged elements, or improper grounding can result in electric shock.

• Overheating: Malfunctioning thermostats or heating elements may cause the water to overheat and build pressure.

• Circuit Overload: Units that aren’t properly matched to the home’s electrical panel may trip breakers or create fire hazards.

Proper grounding, the use of ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), and compliance with electrical codes reduce these risks.

C. Shared Safety Features

Whether you choose a gas or electric water heater, modern systems come with built-in safety mechanisms:

• Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve (T&P Valve): Prevents dangerous pressure buildup by releasing water if it gets too hot or pressurized.

• Automatic Shut-off: Many newer models shut down when a fault is detected (e.g., dry fire, gas leak, or overheating).

• Insulation: Reduces contact burns and retains heat, improving safety and efficiency.

D. Maintenance for Safe Operation

Both gas and electric units benefit from annual checkups:

• Gas models: Inspect burners, venting, thermocouple, and pilot assembly.

• Electric models: Check heating elements, thermostats, and inspect for corrosion or sediment buildup.

Routine flushing of tank units helps prevent scale accumulation and pressure irregularities in both types.

E. Safety Summary

In terms of safety, electric water heaters tend to have fewer risks, while gas water heaters require more diligent inspection and ventilation.

VIII. Installation and Space Requirements

Installing a gas or electric water heater requires careful consideration of available space, safety clearances, ventilation, and local code requirements. These factors can significantly influence your choice and the total cost of setup.

A. Gas Water Heater Installation

Installing a gas water heater is more complex due to its combustion process and venting needs:

• Ventilation System Required: A flue or vent pipe must expel exhaust gases (such as carbon monoxide) outside the building.

• Gas Line Access: Must be connected to an existing gas line, which may require extension or modification.

• Clearance Space: Requires adequate room around the unit for proper airflow and fire safety.

• Combustion Air Supply: May need vents or open space to draw in air for burning gas.

Improper installation can pose safety hazards, so a certified professional is highly recommended.

B. Electric Water Heater Installation

An electric water heater is generally easier to install and more flexible in terms of placement:

• No Venting Required: Since there is no combustion, electric models don’t need a flue or chimney.

• Easier Indoor Placement: Can be installed in closets, under stairs, inside cabinets, or in small utility rooms.

• Electrical Access: Requires a dedicated electrical circuit—usually 240V for larger units.

• Lower Clearance Requirements: Less spacing needed around the unit.

This simplicity makes electric models ideal for apartments, interior renovations, or homes without natural gas service.

C. Tank vs. Tankless Setup

Both gas or electric water heater models are available in tank or tankless styles, which also affect installation needs:

• Tank models require floor space and vertical clearance.

• Tankless models can be wall-mounted, saving floor space but requiring plumbing and electrical/gas upgrades.

Special Notes:

• Gas tankless units still require venting through the roof or wall.

• Electric tankless units may require a significant electrical panel upgrade due to their high power demands.

D. Retrofitting and Replacement

Switching from one type to another (gas to electric or vice versa) can increase installation complexity:

• Gas to Electric: May need a new electrical circuit and breaker.

• Electric to Gas: Requires gas piping, venting system, and sometimes chimney upgrades.

When replacing an old unit, sticking with the same type of gas or electric water heater often reduces installation costs and complications.

E. Summary Table: Installation Requirements

IX. Usage Scenarios and Suitability

When selecting a gas or electric water heater, it’s important to match the system to your specific usage scenario. Your household size, building type, location, and hot water demand all influence which type will serve you best.

A. Residential Applications

In most homes, both gas and electric water heaters are common, but certain household characteristics may favor one over the other:

• Large households with multiple bathrooms and high hot water demand may benefit from the faster recovery rate of a gas water heater.

• Smaller homes or apartments, especially those without gas lines, often install electric water heaters for simplicity and space-saving reasons.

• Vacation homes may opt for electric tankless units due to lower usage and the ability to shut them off entirely when not in use.

If you’re a homeowner trying to balance affordability, hot water reliability, and energy efficiency, your ideal gas or electric water heater depends on how many people use hot water and how often.

B. Commercial and Industrial Applications

For businesses or facilities with high water usage, the decision gets more technical:

• Restaurants, laundromats, and hotels often prefer gas water heaters due to the fast recovery rate and lower energy costs with high-volume demand.

• Office buildings, clinics, or retail stores with moderate water use may prefer electric water heaters for their ease of maintenance and low upfront installation costs.

Electric tankless water heaters may also be used for point-of-use applications in commercial restrooms or break rooms where space and efficiency matter more than volume.

C. Climate and Geographic Considerations

Local climate and regional utility costs can significantly impact the performance and economics of a gas or electric water heater:

• Cold climates may make tankless electric units less effective due to longer heating times.

• Warm climates often support electric heat pump water heaters that draw ambient heat from the surrounding air.

• Remote or rural areas without natural gas infrastructure must rely on electric water heaters or propane-based gas models.

In addition, some regions have tiered utility rates or time-of-use electricity pricing, which may affect long-term operational costs.

D. Off-Grid or Renewable Energy Systems

For off-grid living or homes equipped with solar power, electric water heaters—especially heat pump or solar-compatible units—offer a sustainable solution:

• Electric water heaters can be powered entirely by photovoltaic (PV) systems or solar thermal collectors.

• Gas heaters, unless using biogas or propane, are typically not ideal for fully renewable living situations.

E. User Preferences and Lifestyle

• Environmentally conscious homeowners may prioritize electric systems paired with renewable energy.

• Cost-conscious buyers may lean toward gas for lower monthly bills in gas-rich regions.

• DIYers may prefer electric models for ease of installation and minimal venting requirements.

Summary Table: Best Use Scenarios

X. Pros and Cons Summary Table

To make the decision between a gas or electric water heater clearer, it’s helpful to compare the key benefits and drawbacks of each option side-by-side. This summary captures the essential trade-offs based on the major factors discussed throughout the article.

A. Side-by-Side Comparison

B. Key Takeaways

• Choose a gas water heater if you need fast recovery, already have a gas line, and want to save on monthly energy bills in gas-favorable regions.

• Choose an electric water heater if you prefer cleaner energy, simpler installation, and better placement flexibility.

The “best” choice ultimately depends on your specific household needs, location, and energy preferences. There’s no one-size-fits-all answer—only what fits your lifestyle best.

XI. Tips for Choosing Between Gas or Electric Water Heater

Choosing between a gas or electric water heater involves more than just picking the cheaper option. The right system depends on how you live, where you live, and what you’re willing to invest in terms of installation, operation, and future upgrades. Below are practical tips to help guide your decision.

1. Assess Your Energy Availability

• Do you have access to a natural gas line? If yes, you have the option for gas. If no, installing a new gas line can be costly.

• Is your electrical panel strong enough? Tankless electric models often require a 200-amp service.

✔️ Tip: If your home already has an electric water heater setup, switching to gas may require extensive (and expensive) retrofitting.

2. Evaluate Your Hot Water Usage

• Large households with multiple bathrooms and simultaneous hot water use will benefit from the faster recovery rate of gas water heaters.

• Smaller households or low-usage environments (like vacation homes) can save money with a compact electric water heater.

✔️ Tip: Consider your peak usage times. If your household uses hot water frequently and simultaneously, gas may be better suited.

3. Consider Installation Space

• Do you have adequate ventilation for a gas unit?

• Is there space to install an electric unit in a closet or under a counter?

✔️ Tip: Electric models are better for tight or interior spaces where venting isn’t feasible.

4. Think Long-Term Energy Costs

• Compare local gas and electric utility rates.

• Consider solar or renewable energy incentives in your area if choosing an electric model.

✔️ Tip: Even if electric costs more to run, pairing it with solar panels or heat pump technology can significantly reduce lifetime energy bills.

5. Factor in Maintenance and Safety

• Gas heaters require more frequent maintenance due to combustion.

• Electric heaters have fewer safety risks and generally lower service needs.

✔️ Tip: If you prefer a “set it and forget it” system, go electric.

6. Review Local Building Codes and Rebates

• Check local regulations about gas appliance venting or electric load capacity.

• Look into tax credits or rebates for high-efficiency models.

✔️ Tip: Government incentives may make electric systems (especially heat pump water heaters) more affordable than they first appear.

7. Think About the Environment

• Want to reduce your carbon footprint? Go with an electric water heater powered by renewables.

• Relying on fossil fuels? A gas water heater may have a larger environmental impact.

✔️ Tip: Electric water heaters are the best option for environmentally-conscious homes, especially when combined with solar or wind power.

By carefully considering these factors, you can confidently decide which gas or electric water heater fits your lifestyle, budget, and long-term goals.

XII. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

To help you make an informed decision, here are answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about choosing a gas or electric water heater:

1. Which lasts longer — a gas or electric water heater?

Generally, electric water heaters last longer because they have fewer components exposed to combustion and corrosion. While both types typically last 8–15 years, electric models often require fewer repairs over their lifespan.

2. Is it cheaper to operate a gas or electric water heater?

It depends on your local utility rates. Gas water heaters often have lower operating costs due to cheaper natural gas prices. However, electric water heaters powered by renewable energy or installed in energy-efficient homes can be more cost-effective in the long run.

3. Can I switch from gas to electric or vice versa?

Yes, but switching from one system to another can be expensive:

• Gas to electric: May require new electrical circuits or panel upgrades.

• Electric to gas: Requires installation of gas lines and venting systems.

It’s usually more economical to replace your old gas or electric water heater with the same type unless major energy efficiency gains are possible.

4. Are tankless water heaters available in both gas and electric models?

Yes. You can choose a gas or electric tankless water heater, depending on your home’s setup and your hot water usage. Gas tankless units usually provide higher flow rates, while electric tankless models are smaller and easier to install.

5. Which is safer — gas or electric water heater?

Electric water heaters are generally considered safer as they do not involve combustion or gas leaks. Gas water heaters carry risks such as carbon monoxide exposure and fire hazards if not installed or vented properly.

6. Do gas or electric water heaters qualify for rebates?

Yes, many high-efficiency gas or electric water heaters qualify for rebates or tax credits, especially electric heat pump models. Check with your local utility provider or government agency for current incentives.

7. Can I install a water heater myself?

Only if you’re qualified. Installation of either a gas or electric water heater involves plumbing and electrical or gas work, which may require permits and inspections. It’s safest and often required by code to hire a licensed professional.

8. Which heats water faster: gas or electric?

Gas water heaters generally heat water faster due to the high heat output of combustion. This makes them ideal for large households with frequent hot water usage.

XIII. Conclusion

Choosing between a gas or electric water heater is a decision that affects your daily comfort, energy bills, safety, and environmental footprint. While both types serve the essential function of delivering hot water, they do so in distinct ways, with unique advantages and limitations.

• Gas water heaters offer faster heating and lower operating costs where natural gas is affordable. They’re a strong choice for larger households and commercial settings where high demand is constant.

• Electric water heaters provide greater energy efficiency, easier installation, safer operation, and better compatibility with renewable energy sources. They’re ideal for smaller spaces, environmentally-conscious users, and areas without gas infrastructure.

Ultimately, the best gas or electric water heater for your situation depends on several factors:

• Your hot water usage patterns

• Energy costs and availability

• Installation requirements

• Environmental priorities

• Budget and long-term savings goals

By evaluating these elements carefully and using the comparisons and tips outlined in this article, you can confidently select the right system for your needs.

Whether you’re upgrading your home, designing a new building, or simply reducing utility costs, choosing the right gas or electric water heater is a long-term investment in comfort, efficiency, and sustainability.

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