A flange adapter is a mechanical component used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment to form a piping system. It serves as an interface for different components, allowing for a secure and leak-free connection. Flange adapters are particularly useful when connecting pipes of different materials or with different connection types.

The design of a flange adapter typically includes a flanged end that mates with a corresponding flange on another component and another end that might connect to a pipe or equipment in a different manner, such as via threading, welding, or another type of flanged connection. The flanged connection typically involves bolting the flange adapter to another flange with a gasket in between to ensure a tight seal.

Flange adapters are widely used in various industries, including water and wastewater treatment, oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation, due to their versatility and effectiveness in creating secure connections.

There are several types of flanges used in piping and mechanical systems, each designed for specific applications, pressure ratings, and connection methods. Some of the most common types include:

1. Weld Neck Flanges: Characterized by their long tapered hub, weld neck flanges are welded to the pipe. The taper provides significant reinforcement for use in high-pressure applications. The bore of the flange matches the bore of the pipe, reducing turbulence and erosion.
2. Slip-On Flanges: These flanges slide over the pipe and are then welded into place. They are easier to align than weld neck flanges and are slightly less bulky. However, they are not suitable for high pressure and temperature applications.
3. Socket Weld Flanges: Designed for smaller pipe diameters, these flanges are inserted into the flange before welding. They are ideal for high-pressure applications in smaller pipes. They ensure a good flow of fluid and are used in chemical and steam lines.
4. Threaded Flanges: These are attached to the pipe without welding, making them suitable for low-pressure applications or where welding is not feasible. They are screwed onto the pipe, providing a secure connection.
5. Lap Joint Flanges: Used with stub ends, the pipe is inserted into the flange before being welded to the stub end. This type of flange is beneficial for systems that require frequent dismantling for inspection or cleaning.
6. Blind Flanges: These are used to seal the end of piping systems or pressure vessel openings. They are commonly used for testing the flow of gas or liquid through a pipe or vessel.
7. Orifice Flanges: Used to measure the flow of fluid through a system, these flanges are paired with orifice meters. They have holes for meters and often come in pairs with bolts and jack screws.
8. Ring Type Joint (RTJ) Flanges: These have a groove cut into their faces in which a metal gasket is seated. When the flange faces are tightened, the gasket is compressed into the groove, creating a metal-to-metal seal. They are used in high-pressure and high-temperature applications.
9. Spectacle Blinds: Not a true flange, but a piece of metal made to fit between two pipe flanges and usually used as a spacer or made to either be blank (blocking flow) or have an opening to allow flow.

Each flange type offers different advantages and is chosen based on the requirements of the piping system, such as the needed strength, the method of assembly, and the conditions (pressure, temperature, and fluid type) it must withstand.

Flange classifications are determined by design criteria such as pressure rating, size, sealing surface type, and material standards. These classifications ensure that flanges used in piping systems meet the necessary requirements for a specific application, particularly in terms of pressure and temperature capabilities. The most common classification systems include:

1. Pressure Ratings: Flanges are classified by their pressure rating at a given temperature, often designated in classes. The most commonly used rating system in the US is the ANSI/ASME B16.5 and includes classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500, with the number indicating the maximum pressure the flange can withstand at the temperature of 100°F.
2. Size: Flanges are also classified by size, which corresponds to the pipe size they are intended to be used with. Flange sizes can range from small to several feet in diameter, depending on the application.
3. Facing Types: The sealing surface of a flange can also define its classification. Common types include:
   • Flat Face (FF): These have a flat sealing surface and are typically used with cast iron or other low-pressure applications where a full-face gasket is required.
   • Raised Face (RF): The most common type, raised face flanges feature a small raised area around the bore that compresses the gasket to create a seal. They are used in a wide range of applications.
   • Ring Type Joint (RTJ): These have a grooved sealing surface and are used with metal ring gaskets. They are suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature applications.
   • Tongue and Groove (T&G): These feature one flange with a raised ring (tongue) and the other with a matching depression (groove), providing a tight seal without much compression.
4. Material Grades: Flanges are made from a variety of materials, each suitable for different applications based on strength, corrosion resistance, and compatibility with the transported medium. Common materials include carbon steel (A105), stainless steel (A182), alloy steel, and special grades like Inconel, Monel, and Hastelloy.
5. Standards and Specifications: Various standards govern the dimensions, tolerances, and material properties of flanges. Key standards include:
   • ANSI/ASME B16.5: Covers pipe flanges and flanged fittings for sizes NPS ½ through NPS 24.
   • ANSI/ASME B16.47: Covers large diameter steel flanges for sizes NPS 26 through NPS 60.
   • API 6A: For flanges used in the oil and gas industry, particularly for wellhead and Christmas tree equipment.
   • MSS SP-44: Covers steel pipeline flanges.
   • EN 1092-1: European standard for steel flanges.

These classifications and standards ensure compatibility and safe operation within piping systems across various industries. When selecting a flange, it’s crucial to consider all these aspects to ensure it meets the system’s requirements.

The pressure class of flanges is a critical aspect of their design, indicating the maximum pressure the flange can withstand at a specified temperature. These classes are standardized, allowing for consistent use across different systems and applications. The most common pressure classes for flanges, according to the ANSI/ASME B16.5 standard, are as follows:

• Class 150: Suitable for low-pressure applications, with a maximum pressure of 285 psi at 100°F.
• Class 300: Designed for moderate pressure systems, with a maximum pressure of 740 psi at 100°F.
• Class 400: Can handle higher pressures, with a maximum of 995 psi at 100°F.
• Class 600: Intended for high-pressure applications, with a maximum pressure of 1480 psi at 100°F.
• Class 900: Suitable for very high-pressure systems, with a maximum pressure of 2220 psi at 100°F.
• Class 1500: Designed for extremely high-pressure applications, with a maximum pressure of 3705 psi at 100°F.
• Class 2500: The highest standard pressure class, suitable for the most extreme pressure conditions, with a maximum pressure of 6170 psi at 100°F.

These pressure classes apply to various types of flanges, including weld neck, slip-on, socket weld, threaded, lap joint, and blind flanges. The choice of pressure class is dependent on the system’s operating conditions, including the fluid’s pressure and temperature. It’s essential to select a flange class that can safely contain the system’s maximum operating pressure to ensure the integrity and safety of the piping system.

The pressure classes for ANSI/ASME B16.5 flanges, we can list the classes along with their maximum allowable pressure at a reference temperature of 100°F (38°C). This reference temperature is commonly used for comparison purposes, but it’s important to note that the maximum allowable pressure decreases as the operating temperature increases, for most materials.

Here’s a simplified comparison table:

This table gives a quick overview of how the maximum allowable pressure increases with the flange class. When selecting a flange for a particular application, it’s crucial to consider not only the pressure but also other factors like the fluid type, temperature, and any potential pressure surges or shocks the system might experience. Always consult detailed engineering tables and standards for precise values and considerations, especially for critical or high-temperature applications.

Measuring a flange size involves determining several key dimensions to identify the correct flange specification for your application. Here’s a guide on how to measure a flange:

1. Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)

The nominal pipe size is not measured directly from the flange. Instead, it refers to the size of the pipe that the flange is meant to be used with. If the pipe is accessible, measure the outside diameter (OD) of the pipe. You can then use a pipe chart to determine the NPS based on the OD measurement.

Here’s a simplified table showing NPS with corresponding diameters:

NPS (inches)	Outer Diameter (OD) (inches)	Inner Diameter (ID) (varies by schedule) (inches)
1/2	0.84	0.622 (for Sch 40) / 0.546 (for Sch 80)
3/4	1.05	0.824 (for Sch 40) / 0.742 (for Sch 80)
1	1.32	1.049 (for Sch 40) / 0.957 (for Sch 80)
1 1/2	1.90	1.610 (for Sch 40) / 1.500 (for Sch 80)
2	2.38	2.067 (for Sch 40) / 1.939 (for Sch 80)
2 1/2	2.88	2.469 (for Sch 40) / 2.323 (for Sch 80)
3	3.50	3.068 (for Sch 40) / 2.900 (for Sch 80)
4	4.50	4.026 (for Sch 40) / 3.826 (for Sch 80)
6	6.63	6.065 (for Sch 40) / 5.761 (for Sch 80)

Please note:

• The Outer Diameter (OD) remains constant for a given NPS across different pipe schedules (wall thicknesses).
• The Inner Diameter (ID) varies depending on the pipe schedule due to differences in wall thickness. The examples given here are for Schedule 40 and Schedule 80, which are common schedules, but there are other schedules with different thicknesses and therefore different IDs.
• This table is simplified and does not cover all available NPS sizes or schedule variations. For detailed specifications, refer to the relevant pipe and piping standards, such as those from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

When selecting pipes, flanges, and fittings, it’s crucial to consider both the NPS and the schedule to ensure proper fit and compatibility.

2. Flange Diameter (OD)

Measure the overall diameter of the flange from one end to the other at its widest point. This is the outer diameter (OD) of the flange.

3. Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD)

To measure the bolt circle diameter, measure from the center of one bolt hole to the center of the bolt hole directly across from it. This measurement is important for aligning the bolt holes during installation.

4. Number of Bolt Holes

Count the total number of bolt holes in the flange. This helps in ensuring the bolt pattern matches when connecting two flanges.

5. Bolt Hole Diameter

Measure the diameter of one of the bolt holes. It’s important to ensure that the bolts used will properly fit through these holes.

6. Thickness

Measure the thickness of the flange, excluding any raised faces. The thickness can vary based on the pressure class of the flange.

7. Flange Face Type

Inspect the face of the flange to determine its type. Common types include Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring Type Joint (RTJ). The face type affects how the flange seals when connected.

Additional Tips

• When measuring, use a caliper or a tape measure for more accurate measurements.
• For installed flanges where direct measurements might be challenging, refer to flange specifications or standards like ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, etc., for typical dimensions based on the flange’s nominal size and class.
• Always consider safety precautions when measuring flanges in an operational environment.

By measuring these key dimensions, you can determine the size and type of flange required for your application or identify a flange already in use. For precise specifications, especially for critical applications, refer to engineering drawings or consult with flange manufacturers.

Flange dimension

Flange dimensions are standardized to ensure compatibility and interoperability between different manufacturers and applications. These dimensions include the diameter of the flange, the thickness, the bolt circle diameter, the number of bolt holes, and the size of the bolt holes, among others. The specific standards that define these dimensions, such as ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, EN 1092-1, and others, provide detailed tables for each size and class of flange.

Key dimensions for flanges include:

1. Nominal Pipe Size (NPS): This is the nominal diameter of the pipe that the flange will be connected to. It’s important to note that the NPS is not necessarily equal to the flange’s physical diameter.
2. Flange Diameter (OD): The overall diameter of the flange which is usually much larger than the NPS to accommodate the bolt holes and provide a sufficient sealing surface.
3. Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD): This is the diameter of the circle that passes through the center of the bolt holes. It is a key measurement for aligning and installing the flange.
4. Flange Thickness (T): The thickness of the flange which can vary depending on the pressure class and flange size. Higher pressure classes typically require thicker flanges.
5. Number of Bolt Holes: The number of holes for bolts in the flange, which increases with the size and pressure class of the flange.
6. Bolt Hole Size: The diameter of the bolt holes, which must be large enough to accommodate the bolts used to secure the flange.
7. Flange Face Type: The type of face of the flange (e.g., flat face, raised face, ring-type joint) also determines certain dimensional aspects related to the sealing surface.

For example, in the ASME B16.5 standard for flanges up to 24 inches in NPS, dimensions vary across different pressure classes (150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500). A Class 150, 6-inch NPS flange will have different dimensions compared to a Class 600, 6-inch NPS flange, reflecting the different requirements for sealing and withstanding pressure.

Given the complexity and variety of flange dimensions, engineers and technicians often refer to detailed tables and specifications in the relevant standards when selecting or designing flanges for specific applications. These tables provide all necessary dimensions and tolerances to ensure proper fit and seal integrity.

Here’s an example for a 6-inch (NPS) Class 150 flange according to the ASME B16.5 standard:

Dimension	Measurement
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)	6 inches
Flange Diameter (OD)	11 inches
Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD)	9.5 inches
Flange Thickness (T)	1 inch
Number of Bolt Holes	8
Bolt Hole Diameter	0.875 inches (7/8 inch)
Flange Face Type	Raised Face (RF)
Raised Face Diameter (RFD)	7.5 inches
Raised Face Height	0.06 inches

This table is a simplified example, and actual dimensions can vary slightly based on manufacturer standards and tolerances. For comprehensive and precise dimensions for all flange sizes and classes, it’s essential to refer to the full tables provided in the relevant standards, such as ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, EN 1092-1, etc. These standards provide detailed dimensions for a wide range of flange sizes, classes, and face types to ensure proper fit and function in piping systems.

Table dimension of flange 1/2 in to 6 in

This will give you an idea of how some key dimensions change with flange size.

NPS (inches)	Flange Diameter (OD) (inches)	Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD) (inches)	Number of Bolts	Bolt Hole Diameter (inches)	Flange Thickness (T) (inches)
1/2	3.50	2.38	4	0.62	0.56
3/4	3.88	2.75	4	0.62	0.62
1	4.25	3.12	4	0.62	0.69
1 1/2	5.00	3.88	4	0.62	0.81
2	6.00	4.75	4	0.75	0.88
2 1/2	7.00	5.50	4	0.75	0.88
3	7.50	6.00	4	0.75	0.88
4	9.00	7.50	8	0.75	0.88
6	11.00	9.50	8	0.88	1.00

Please note:

• This table is a simplified representation for Class 150 flanges.
• The dimensions provided are in inches and are rounded to the nearest two decimal places for simplicity.
• The Flange Thickness (T) might vary slightly depending on the manufacturer and specific standards.
• For precise and detailed dimensions for each flange size and class, including other classes like 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500, refer to the full tables in the ASME B16.5 standards or the relevant standard for your specific application.

This table provides a basic understanding of how flange dimensions scale with size for a common pressure class. For engineering and procurement purposes, always refer to the detailed specifications in the relevant standards or manufacturer’s data sheets.

Flange size chart

A flange size chart typically includes key dimensions for flanges across various nominal pipe sizes (NPS) and flange classes. Below is a simplified example of a flange size chart for ANSI/ASME B16.5 Class 150 flanges, which are commonly used in various industries. This chart includes dimensions for flanges from NPS 1/2″ to NPS 6″, which are among the most frequently used sizes.

NPS (inches)	Flange Diameter (OD) (inches)	Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD) (inches)	Number of Bolt Holes	Bolt Hole Diameter (inches)	Flange Thickness (T) (inches)	Raised Face Diameter (R) (inches)
1/2	3.50	2.38	4	0.62	0.56	1.38
3/4	3.88	2.75	4	0.62	0.62	1.69
1	4.25	3.12	4	0.62	0.69	2.00
1 1/2	5.00	3.88	4	0.62	0.81	2.56
2	6.00	4.75	4	0.75	0.88	3.06
2 1/2	7.00	5.50	4	0.75	0.88	3.56
3	7.50	6.00	4	0.75	0.88	4.25
4	9.00	7.50	8	0.75	0.88	5.31
6	11.00	9.50	8	0.88	1.00	6.44

This chart provides a basic overview of key dimensions for Class 150 flanges. It’s important to note:

• The Outer Diameter (OD) of the flange is much larger than the nominal pipe size.
• The Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD) is the centerline diameter of the bolt holes.
• The Number of Bolt Holes and their diameter are crucial for matching flanges and preparing for bolting.
• The Flange Thickness (T) and the Raised Face Diameter (R) are critical for ensuring the flange can withstand the pressure and create a proper seal.

For other classes (e.g., Class 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500) and larger sizes, dimensions will differ, and the flanges will generally be thicker, have a larger OD, and potentially more bolt holes to accommodate higher pressures. Always refer to the full standards (e.g., ANSI/ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47) or manufacturer specifications for the most accurate and comprehensive information.

Flange size chart Class 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500

Flange size chart for each class (Class 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500) would be quite extensive due to the large number of dimensions involved. However, I can provide a simplified table that highlights some key dimensions for a small range of nominal pipe sizes (NPS) for these classes according to the ANSI/ASME B16.5 standard.

This example table will include flange diameter (OD), bolt circle diameter (BCD), and number of bolt holes for NPS 1/2″ to 2″ as a representative sample:

NPS (inches)	Class	Flange Diameter (OD) (inches)	Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD) (inches)	Number of Bolt Holes
1/2	300	4.25	3.12	4
1/2	600	4.25	3.12	4
1/2	900	4.50	3.25	4
1/2	1500	4.75	3.50	4
1/2	2500	5.50	4.12	4
1	300	4.88	3.50	4
1	600	5.00	3.50	4
1	900	5.50	4.00	4
1	1500	6.00	4.38	4
1	2500	6.50	4.88	4
2	300	6.50	5.00	8
2	600	6.50	5.00	8
2	900	7.00	5.50	8
2	1500	7.50	6.00	8
2	2500	8.50	7.00	8

Please note:

• The dimensions provided are for illustrative purposes and are rounded to the nearest quarter inch for simplicity.
• Actual dimensions can vary slightly based on manufacturer standards and specific tolerances.
• For comprehensive and precise dimensions for all flange sizes and classes, including other NPS and face types, refer to the full tables in the ASME B16.5 standards or the relevant standard for your specific application.

This table gives an overview of how flange dimensions, particularly the outer diameter and bolt circle diameter, increase with the pressure class for a given nominal pipe size. When selecting flanges, it’s essential to consider the specific requirements of your application, including pressure, temperature, and fluid type, and to consult detailed flange dimension tables from the relevant standards or manufacturers.

Flange materials

Flange materials are chosen based on the application’s specific requirements, including the type of fluid being transported, operating temperatures, pressures, and environmental conditions. The material must be compatible with the fluid to prevent corrosion and degradation, and it must have adequate strength to handle the operating pressures and temperatures. Common materials used for flanges include:

1. Carbon Steel: This is the most commonly used material for flanges due to its cost-effectiveness and mechanical strength. ASTM A105 is a standard specification for carbon steel flanges for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure systems.
2. Stainless Steel: Stainless steel flanges are used for applications requiring corrosion resistance. Common grades include ASTM A182 F304/L and F316/L, which offer good corrosion resistance and are suitable for a wide range of chemical and acidic environments.
3. Alloy Steel: Alloy steels are used for flanges in high-temperature and high-pressure applications. Grades like ASTM A182 F11, F22, and F91 provide enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.
4. Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steel: These materials offer higher strength and improved corrosion resistance compared to standard stainless steels. They are suitable for harsh environments, such as those in the offshore oil and gas industry. Common grades include ASTM A182 F51 (duplex) and F53/F55 (super duplex).
5. Nickel Alloys: Nickel alloys, such as Inconel, Monel, and Hastelloy, are used for flanges in extremely corrosive environments or high-temperature applications. For example, Inconel 625 offers excellent resistance to corrosion and is suitable for seawater applications.
6. Titanium: Titanium flanges are known for their high strength, light weight, and exceptional corrosion resistance, making them suitable for applications in the chemical processing and marine industries.
7. Copper Alloys: Copper and its alloys, such as bronze and brass, are used for flanges in applications requiring thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, such as in water supply and in certain chemical environments.
8. Plastic: Plastic flanges, made from materials such as PVC, CPVC, PP, and PVDF, are used in low-pressure applications where corrosion resistance is a priority, such as in water treatment and chemical processing.
9. Aluminum: Aluminum flanges are lightweight and offer good corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. They are used in applications where weight is a concern, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries.

The selection of flange material is crucial for ensuring the reliability and longevity of the piping system. It must take into account the specific conditions of the application to ensure compatibility with the fluids, temperatures, pressures, and environmental conditions encountered.

Flanges are versatile components used across various industries for numerous applications. Their primary function is to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment to form a piping system, allowing for easy assembly, disassembly, and maintenance. Here are some common applications of flanges:

1. Piping Systems: Flanges are extensively used in piping systems to connect straight pipe sections, provide access for cleaning, inspection, or modification, and connect the piping system to other equipment. This is common in industries such as oil and gas, petrochemical, water treatment, and manufacturing.
2. Process Plants: In chemical, petrochemical, and process plants, flanges connect equipment like reactors, heat exchangers, and tanks to the piping system, facilitating the flow of process fluids and gases.
3. Power Generation: Flanges are used in power plants for connecting boiler sections, steam pipes, and other components in the steam and water circuits.
4. Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment: Flanges are used in water supply systems to connect water pipes, pumps, meters, and treatment equipment, facilitating the transport and treatment of water and wastewater.
5. Shipbuilding and Marine Applications: Flanges are utilized in the shipbuilding industry to connect piping systems for fuel, water, and waste, as well as for hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
6. HVAC Systems: In heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, flanges connect ductwork, air handling units, and other HVAC components, facilitating air flow and system maintenance.
7. Oil and Gas Industry: Flanges are critical in the oil and gas industry for connecting drilling wells, pipelines, and storage tanks, as well as for assembling the manifold and other equipment used in extraction and processing.
8. Food and Beverage Industry: In sanitary applications, such as those in the food and beverage industry, flanges are used to connect process equipment and piping while maintaining strict hygiene standards.
9. Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industries: Flanges are used in these industries for connecting process equipment and piping in systems that require high purity and cleanability.
10. Nuclear and High-Pressure Applications: Specialized high-integrity flanges are used in nuclear reactors and high-pressure vessels to ensure safety and reliability under extreme conditions.

Each application may require different types of flanges, materials, and pressure ratings, depending on the specific requirements of the system, such as the type of fluid, operating pressures and temperatures, and regulatory standards.

Flange codes and standards are essential for ensuring the reliability, safety, and interoperability of flanged connections in piping systems across various industries. These codes and standards provide specifications for dimensions, materials, pressure-temperature ratings, tolerances, marking, and testing of flanges. Here are some of the key codes and standards related to flanges:

1. ASME B16.5: This is one of the most widely used standards worldwide. It covers pipe flanges and flanged fittings for sizes NPS ½” through NPS 24″, inclusive, for pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings.
2. ASME B16.47: This standard covers large diameter steel flanges for NPS 26″ through NPS 60″. It includes Series A (MSS SP-44) and Series B (API 605) flanges in various pressure classes. Series A and B define different flange dimensions and drilling patterns.
3. ASME B16.36: This standard is for orifice flanges and covers flanges (welding neck, slip-on, and threaded) used in conjunction with orifice meters for measuring the flow rate of liquids and gases in the pipeline.
4. API 6A: This specification is for wellhead and Christmas tree equipment flanges. It’s widely used in the petroleum and natural gas industries for flanges used in high-pressure and high-temperature applications, especially for drilling and production.
5. MSS SP-44: The Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) Standard Practice covers steel pipeline flanges for the waterworks and wastewater industry, but it’s also widely used in other industries. It’s often harmonized with ASME B16.47 Series A.
6. EN 1092-1: This European standard specifies requirements for circular steel flanges in PN designations. It includes several types of flanges like weld-neck, slip-on, blind, threaded, and special flanges. It’s the European counterpart to the ASME flange standards.
7. ISO 7005-1: This International Standard establishes a base specification for pipe flanges suitable for general-purpose and industrial applications including, but not limited to, chemical process industries, electric power generating plants, and petroleum and natural gas industries.
8. BS 4504: This British Standard specifies circular flanges for pipes, valves, and fittings (PN designated). It includes steel, cast iron, and copper alloy flanges in various pressure ratings.
9. JIS B2220: This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies steel pipe flanges for general use, covering materials, dimensions, pressure-temperature ratings, and marking.
10. GOST 12821-80: This is a Russian standard for welded steel flanges used in high-pressure applications. It specifies dimensions, material grades, and other requirements for flanges.

These standards are crucial for ensuring the compatibility and safety of flanged connections in various applications. Engineers and designers must select flanges according to the appropriate standard for their specific application, taking into account factors such as pressure, temperature, medium, and required durability.

Flanges are a critical component in various piping and equipment systems, providing a reliable means for assembling and disassembling sections for maintenance, inspection, or system modification. The versatility of flanges, available in numerous types, materials, sizes, and pressure classes, allows for their widespread application across industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, water treatment, power generation, and more.

Understanding the types of flanges and their applications is crucial for selecting the appropriate flange for a specific requirement. This includes considering factors like the system pressure, temperature, fluid type, and environmental conditions. The various flange types, such as weld neck, slip-on, threaded, and lap joint, each serve specific purposes and offer different advantages in terms of strength, ease of installation, and cost.

Flange classifications, based on pressure ratings, materials, and standards, further ensure that the selected flanges meet the necessary safety and performance criteria for their intended use. Adherence to international and industry-specific standards, such as ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, EN 1092-1, and others, is essential for ensuring the compatibility, reliability, and safety of flanged connections.

In conclusion, the proper selection, use, and maintenance of flanges are key to the integrity and efficiency of piping systems and equipment. By adhering to established codes and standards, engineers and technicians can ensure that flanged connections provide the necessary seal and mechanical strength for safe and efficient operation across various applications and industries.

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