What is a Pipe Hanger ? Types of Pipe Hangers

Pipe hangers are essential components in the construction and maintenance of piping systems. They provide support and stability to pipes, ensuring that they remain securely in place and function efficiently. Used across various industries such as plumbing, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and industrial piping, pipe hangers are crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of these systems.

In plumbing and HVAC systems, pipe hangers help to manage the weight and thermal expansion of pipes, preventing sagging and misalignment. In industrial settings, they are vital for supporting heavy pipelines that carry liquids, gases, or other materials under high pressure or extreme temperatures. Without proper support, pipes can suffer from undue stress, leading to leaks, bursts, or other failures that can cause significant damage and downtime.

The design and material of pipe hangers vary widely to accommodate different types of pipes and environmental conditions. From simple U-bolts to complex strut-mounted systems, selecting the right pipe hanger is critical for ensuring the longevity and performance of a piping system. This article explores the various types of pipe hangers, their materials, selection criteria, installation process, common issues, maintenance practices, and recent innovations in the field. Understanding these aspects will help in choosing the appropriate hanger for any specific application, ultimately contributing to the reliability and efficiency of piping systems.

A pipe hanger is a device used to support and secure pipes in various piping systems, ensuring they remain in their intended position and do not sag or misalign. These hangers are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of piping networks in a wide range of applications, from residential plumbing to industrial systems.

Pipe hangers can be made from various materials such as steel, stainless steel, copper, or plastic, depending on the specific requirements of the system, including load capacity, environmental conditions, and pipe material. They come in multiple designs to accommodate different pipe sizes, weights, and configurations.

In essence, pipe hangers help manage the mechanical stresses on pipes caused by weight, thermal expansion, vibrations, and external forces. Properly selected and installed pipe hangers prevent potential damage, leaks, or failures in the piping system, contributing to its safety and efficiency.

II. Types of Pipe Hangers

1. Standard Hangers

• Description: Basic hangers used for general pipe support.
• Uses: Commonly used in residential and light commercial plumbing and HVAC systems.

2. Clevis Hangers

• Description: Consist of a U-shaped clevis that supports the pipe from below.
• Uses: Ideal for horizontal pipe runs and allowing for vertical movement due to thermal expansion.

3. Riser Clamps

• Description: Clamp around vertical pipes to provide support at multiple points.
• Uses: Typically used in riser installations to stabilize vertical pipe sections.

4. U-Bolts

• Description: U-shaped bolts with threaded ends that secure pipes to a surface.
• Uses: Used for securing pipes to walls, ceilings, or other structures, particularly in industrial settings.

5. Strut-Mounted Hangers

• Description: Hangers that are attached to a metal strut or channel for additional support.
• Uses: Common in commercial and industrial applications where additional structural support is needed.

6. Saddle Clamps

• Description: Clamps that wrap around the pipe and are bolted to a surface.
• Uses: Provide strong support for heavy pipes in industrial settings.

7. Split Ring Hangers

• Description: Two-piece ring that clamps around the pipe and is suspended from a threaded rod.
• Uses: Used in plumbing and HVAC systems for supporting pipes from ceilings or beams.

8. Adjustable Swivel Ring Hangers

• Description: Hangers that allow for some degree of movement to accommodate pipe expansion and contraction.
• Uses: Useful in systems where temperature fluctuations cause pipes to expand and contract.

9. Roller Hangers

• Description: Hangers with a roller mechanism that allows for longitudinal movement of the pipe.
• Uses: Essential for systems where pipes undergo significant thermal expansion and contraction.

10. Pipe Saddles

• Description: Support saddles that cradle the pipe and distribute its weight.
• Uses: Used for larger pipes in industrial settings, providing strong support and weight distribution.

Each type of pipe hanger serves a specific purpose and is selected based on the pipe material, size, weight, and environmental conditions of the piping system. Proper selection and installation of these hangers ensure the stability, safety, and longevity of the piping infrastructure.

III. Materials Used in Pipe Hangers

1. Steel

• Characteristics: Strong, durable, and widely used.
• Advantages: High load-bearing capacity, suitable for heavy-duty applications.
• Uses: Industrial piping systems, commercial buildings, and other applications requiring robust support.

2. Stainless Steel

• Characteristics: Resistant to corrosion, rust, and chemical damage.
• Advantages: Longevity and reliability in harsh environments.
• Uses: Marine environments, chemical plants, and food processing facilities.

3. Copper

• Characteristics: Excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.
• Advantages: Resistant to corrosion, aesthetically pleasing.
• Uses: Plumbing systems, especially for water supply and HVAC systems.

4. Plastic (PVC or CPVC)

• Characteristics: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant.
• Advantages: Easy to install, cost-effective, non-conductive.
• Uses: Residential plumbing, drainage systems, and low-temperature applications.

5. Galvanized Steel

• Characteristics: Steel coated with a layer of zinc.
• Advantages: Enhanced corrosion resistance compared to regular steel.
• Uses: Outdoor applications, environments with moderate corrosive exposure.

6. Aluminum

• Characteristics: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant.
• Advantages: Easy to handle and install, good strength-to-weight ratio.
• Uses: HVAC systems, lightweight industrial applications, and areas where weight is a concern.

7. Cast Iron

• Characteristics: Heavy, durable, and robust.
• Advantages: High load-bearing capacity, good resistance to wear and tear.
• Uses: Historical buildings, heavy industrial applications, and areas where durability is paramount.

8. Rubber-Coated Hangers

• Characteristics: Standard hangers with a rubber coating.
• Advantages: Provides vibration dampening and noise reduction.
• Uses: Residential and commercial buildings, HVAC systems where noise and vibration control are important.

Each material offers distinct advantages, making it suitable for specific applications based on factors such as load capacity, environmental conditions, ease of installation, and cost. Choosing the right material for pipe hangers is crucial to ensuring the longevity and efficiency of the piping system.

IV. Selection Criteria for Pipe Hangers

1. Load Capacity

• Importance: Ensures that the hanger can support the weight of the pipe and its contents.
• Considerations: Determine the weight of the pipe, the fluid it carries, and any additional load from insulation or external forces. Choose a hanger with a load rating that exceeds the calculated weight.

2. Environmental Factors

• Corrosion Resistance: Consider the environmental conditions the hanger will be exposed to, such as moisture, chemicals, and temperature variations. Materials like stainless steel or galvanized steel offer better corrosion resistance for harsh environments.
• Temperature Tolerance: Select materials that can withstand the operating temperature range of the system without degrading.

3. Pipe Size and Type

• Matching Dimensions: Ensure the hanger fits the diameter and type of pipe being supported. Incorrect sizing can lead to improper support and potential system failures.
• Compatibility: Consider the material of the pipe and its compatibility with the hanger material to prevent galvanic corrosion.

4. Installation Requirements

• Ease of Installation: Choose hangers that are easy to install and adjust. This can reduce labor costs and time.
• Space Constraints: Ensure the hanger can be installed in the available space without obstructing other system components or maintenance access.

5. Movement and Flexibility

• Thermal Expansion: Select hangers that accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of pipes, especially in systems with significant temperature fluctuations. Hangers with sliding or rolling features can help manage these movements.
• Vibration and Noise: Consider hangers with vibration isolation features, such as rubber or neoprene inserts, to minimize noise and vibration in the system.

6. Safety and Compliance

• Standards and Codes: Ensure that the selected pipe hangers comply with relevant industry standards and building codes (e.g., ASME, ASTM, ISO).
• Safety Factors: Incorporate appropriate safety factors into the design to account for unforeseen loads or stresses.

7. Cost and Budget

• Initial Cost: Balance the upfront cost of the hanger with its features and benefits.
• Long-Term Value: Consider the long-term maintenance and replacement costs. Higher-quality hangers may have a higher initial cost but offer better durability and lower maintenance over time.

8. Special Requirements

• Aesthetic Considerations: In visible installations, select hangers that match the aesthetic requirements of the project.
• Custom Solutions: For unique or complex installations, custom hangers may be needed to meet specific support and alignment needs.

By carefully considering these criteria, you can select the most appropriate pipe hangers for your specific application, ensuring the stability, safety, and efficiency of your piping system.

V. Installation Process for Pipe Hangers

1. Pre-Installation Planning

• Assessment and Design: Evaluate the piping layout and determine the locations and types of pipe hangers needed. Create a detailed plan that includes the spacing and positioning of each hanger.
• Load Calculation: Calculate the total load that each hanger will support, considering the weight of the pipe, its contents, insulation, and any additional forces.
• Material Selection: Choose appropriate materials for the hangers based on environmental conditions and load requirements.

2. Preparation

• Gather Tools and Materials: Ensure all necessary tools, hangers, and fasteners are available on-site. Common tools include drills, wrenches, measuring tapes, and levels.
• Marking Locations: Use the design plan to mark the precise locations where hangers will be installed. Ensure marks are accurate and consider the required spacing.

3. Installation of Hangers

• Mounting to Structures: Secure hangers to structural elements such as beams, walls, or ceilings. Use appropriate anchors or fasteners, considering the material of the structural element (e.g., concrete anchors for concrete, screws for wood).
  • Ceiling or Beam Installation: Drill holes and install anchors or bolts to attach the hanger securely.
  • Wall Installation: Use wall brackets or supports to mount hangers at the correct height and position.
• Positioning: Ensure hangers are aligned correctly according to the design plan. Use levels and measuring tapes to verify accuracy.
• Spacing: Maintain proper spacing between hangers to evenly distribute the load and prevent sagging. Follow industry standards and guidelines for spacing based on pipe material and size.

4. Securing Pipes

• Placing Pipes: Lift the pipes into the installed hangers. For larger pipes, this may require additional lifting equipment or manpower.
• Adjusting Hangers: Adjust the hangers to ensure the pipes are level and aligned correctly. This may involve tightening or loosening bolts and making fine adjustments to the hanger positioning.
• Clamping and Fastening: Secure the pipes within the hangers using clamps or straps as specified. Ensure the clamps are tight enough to hold the pipes securely but not so tight as to damage them.

5. Final Adjustments and Inspections

• Alignment Check: Verify that the pipes are correctly aligned and that there are no sagging or misaligned sections. Adjust hangers as needed.
• Movement Allowance: Ensure that there is enough allowance for thermal expansion and contraction of the pipes. Check that hangers designed to accommodate movement (e.g., roller hangers) are functioning correctly.
• Vibration and Noise Control: If applicable, check that vibration isolators or noise dampeners are properly installed and effective.

6. Safety Considerations

• Compliance with Standards: Verify that the installation complies with all relevant safety standards and building codes.
• Load Testing: Perform load tests if required to ensure the hangers can support the designated loads without failure.
• Safety Checks: Conduct a thorough safety inspection to ensure that all hangers are securely installed and that there are no hazards such as loose bolts or unstable supports.

7. Documentation

• As-Built Drawings: Update the original design plan to reflect any changes made during installation.
• Inspection Records: Document the results of inspections and load tests for future reference.
• Maintenance Schedule: Create a maintenance schedule that outlines regular inspections and any required maintenance activities to ensure the longevity and reliability of the pipe hangers.

By following these steps, you can ensure that pipe hangers are installed correctly and securely, providing reliable support for the piping system and preventing issues such as misalignment, sagging, or failure.

VI. Common Problems and Solutions for Pipe Hangers

Pipe Hanger Manufacturers

1. Anvil International

• Overview: A leading manufacturer of pipe fittings, hangers, valves, and support systems.
• Products: Offers a wide range of pipe hangers, including clevis hangers, riser clamps, U-bolts, and more.
• Website: Anvil International

2. Grinnell (a brand of Johnson Controls)

• Overview: Specializes in fire protection products and mechanical piping solutions.
• Products: Provides a variety of pipe hangers, including adjustable clevis hangers, split ring hangers, and pipe clamps.
• Website: Grinnell

3. Hilti

• Overview: Known for its high-quality construction tools, fasteners, and firestop systems.
• Products: Supplies a range of pipe hangers and supports, designed for robust and reliable installations.
• Website: Hilti

4. Cooper B-Line (a division of Eaton)

• Overview: Offers a comprehensive range of support systems and solutions for mechanical and electrical applications.
• Products: Manufactures pipe hangers such as strut-mounted hangers, pipe clamps, and cushioned hangers.
• Website: Cooper B-Line

5. PHD Manufacturing, Inc.

• Overview: Specializes in pipe hangers and support systems for commercial, industrial, and residential applications.
• Products: Offers a broad selection of hangers, including clevis hangers, pipe clamps, and rod hangers.
• Website: PHD Manufacturing

6. ERICO (a Pentair brand)

• Overview: Provides engineered electrical and fastening solutions.
• Products: Features a variety of pipe support products, including hangers, clamps, and brackets.
• Website: ERICO

7. Empire Industries

• Overview: Manufactures pipe hangers, brackets, and supports for various industries.
• Products: Supplies clevis hangers, pipe straps, roller hangers, and more.
• Website: Empire Industries

8. TOPEMCO

• Overview: Focuses on custom and standard pipe hangers and supports.
• Products: Offers adjustable hangers, seismic bracing, and pipe clamps.
• Website: TOPEMCO

These manufacturers provide a wide array of pipe hangers and support solutions tailored to various industrial, commercial, and residential needs. Each company offers unique products and solutions, ensuring there is a suitable option for virtually any piping system requirement.